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Ethnography of Speaking

By Prof. Bidisha Som   |   IIT Guwahati
Learners enrolled: 395   |  Exam registration: 50
ABOUT THE COURSE:

Language is a social tool, and has been studied as such for many decades. It is an integral part of who we are as humans. Language at a social level, as opposed to individual level, tells us how an entire society or culture understands itself and others, its shared values, judgements, worldview and so on. In a sense, language and society shape each other, and are in a constant state of negotiation. This makes this relationship a dynamic one, that demands attention not only from the perspective of linguistics, in terms of form and function, but also from psychological and cognitive perspective, for example, in terms of the frame of social cognition. Of late, neuroscience has also started to show interest towards social phenomena and incorporates this angle in their state-of-the-art research paradigm. Thus, starting from Linguistics, this course will try to touch upon a number of disciplines that try to understand the intertwined nature of language and society.

INTENDED AUDIENCE: UG/PG/PhD students from any discipline and early career researchers dealing with language related courses or teaching. Social and affective psychology, linguistics and social cognition are some of the relevant areas outside of linguistics who will find some resonance with this course

INDUSTRY SUPPORT: Companies related to Artificial Intelligence (may help in creating more nuanced representation) as well as the world of advertising may benefit from understanding the subtle nuances of language as played out in a society
Summary
Course Status : Ongoing
Course Type : Core
Language for course content : English
Duration : 8 weeks
Category :
  • Humanities and Social Sciences
Credit Points : 2
Level : Undergraduate/Postgraduate
Start Date : 16 Feb 2026
End Date : 10 Apr 2026
Enrollment Ends : 16 Feb 2026
Exam Registration Ends : 27 Feb 2026
Exam Date : 26 Apr 2026 IST
NCrF Level   : 4.5 — 8.0

Note: This exam date is subject to change based on seat availability. You can check final exam date on your hall ticket.


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Course layout

Week 1:  Language as a social reality
Lecture 1: Introduction to the course; language as seen from sociological and linguistic perspective; Historical account of the social-origin theory of language.
Lecture 2: the role of society on language use and its speakers: Mark Pagel and Thomas Hobbes
Lecture 3: John Locke, Étienne Bonnot de Condillac
Lecture 4: Giambattista Vico, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Johann Gottfried Von Herder; Modern day formal and social linguistics
Lecture 5: sociolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, ethnolinguistics and pragmatics: similarities and differences in their scopes; social cognition and social neuroscience.

Week 2: Language and its variations: speaker-based
Lecture 1: What is language? How do languages and dialects get their labels?
Lecture 2: Regional and social variation: case studies from various Indian languages.
Lecture 3: Gender and age: key variables in language use and structure; role of underlying cultural construal.
Lecture 4: Ethnicity and social network
Lecture 5: Language change.

Week 3: Language and its variations: usage-based
Lecture 1: Style and register
Lecture 2: politeness strategies
Lecture 3: cross cultural communication; ethnographic accounts from different cultures;
Lecture 4: performance of language: narratives and genres.
Lecture 5: language and perception; social class and language, elaborate code Vs restricted code.

Week 4: Speech communities
Lecture 1: language and Identities
Lecture 2: language attitude in multilingual communities
Lecture 3: Language ideology
Lecture 4: language socialization
Lecture 5: case studies

Week 5: Language contact: reasons and effects
Lecture 1: Different types of contact: social, political, economic.
Lecture 2: Pidgins and creoles, post creole continuum
Lecture 3: Mixed languages: reasons, grammar and cultural significance.
Lecture 4: Bi/multilingualism: reasons and types; social VS individual bilingualism, impact of bilingualism.
Lecture 5: Code switch, code mix

Week 6: 
Lecture 6: diglossia
Lecture 7: Language maintenance, shift: different forces of assimilation leading to shift in language loyalty.
Lecture 8: death and revitalization: repercussions of language death, language and cultural cognition; case studies of language revitalization and their impact.
Discourse analysis:
Lecture 9: conversation analysis
Lecture 10: Critical discourse analysis

Week 7: Applied domains:
Lecture 1: policy issues: Language policy and language planning; status and corpus planning; recent cases from India;
Lecture 2 & 3: Application in social issues: language issues in politics, newsroom; emergent issues: immigration, multilingual societies.
Lecture 4 & 5: Application in educational issues: multilingual education, lesson planning for second language teaching, literacy, reading research.

Week 8: Foray into cognition:
Lecture 1: What is collective cognition? How is language related to collective cognition? Case studies and examples from different cultures.
Lecture 2: supracultural models: crosslinguistic variations.
Lecture 3: social cognition in discourse
Lecture 4: cognitive sociolinguistics
Lecture 5: social neuroscience and language: new findings on the neural signatures of language and social practices.

Books and references

1. Trudgill, Peter. Sociolinguistics. (2000).An introduction to language and society. Penguin Books (4th edition).
2. Holmes, Janet (2013). Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Routledge. 4th edition.
3. Meyerhoff, Miriam. (2006). Introducing Sociolinguistics. Routledge.
4. Hudson. Richard. A. (1996). Sociolinguistics. Cambridge University Press.
5. Meyerhoff, M & Schleef, E. (eds) (2010). The Routledge Sociolinguistics reader. Routledge.
6. Bradd Shore. Culture in Mind. Oxford University Press. 1996.1st edition.
7. William Foley (1997). Anthropological Linguistics (Language in Society). Blackwell Publishing
8. Daniell Everett. Language (2012): The Cultural Tool. Vintage.
9. Daniel Everett. (2009). Don’t Sleep,There Are Snakes. Vintage.
10. Jason Warnick and Dan Landis (eds). (2015). Neuroscience in Intercultural Context. Springer.

Instructor bio

Prof. Bidisha Som

IIT Guwahati
Prof. Bidisha Som is a Professor of Linguistics at the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. She is trained as a linguist and her work falls in the domain of cognitive science of language, with specific focus on language-culture and cognition interaction. She has seventeen years of teaching experience and research specialization in psycholinguistics of bilingualism, Cognitive Linguistics, language processing, language acquisition, atypical language development and so on. She has authored a number papers in these domains and presented her work in prestigious conferences across the world. She collaborates with linguists, psychologists, cognitive scientists and neuroscientists from around the world, and has been recipient of grants in cognitive and brain sciences from Government of India (DST) as well as abroad (EU).

Course certificate

The course is free to enroll and learn from. But if you want a certificate, you have to register and write the proctored exam conducted by us in person at any of the designated exam centres.
The exam is optional for a fee of Rs 1000/- (Rupees one thousand only).
Date and Time of Exams: April 26, 2026 Morning session 9am to 12 noon; Afternoon Session 2pm to 5pm.
Registration url: Announcements will be made when the registration form is open for registrations.
The online registration form has to be filled and the certification exam fee needs to be paid. More details will be made available when the exam registration form is published. If there are any changes, it will be mentioned then.
Please check the form for more details on the cities where the exams will be held, the conditions you agree to when you fill the form etc.

CRITERIA TO GET A CERTIFICATE

Average assignment score = 25% of average of best 6 assignments out of the total 8 assignments given in the course.
Exam score = 75% of the proctored certification exam score out of 100

Final score = Average assignment score + Exam score

Please note that assignments encompass all types (including quizzes, programming tasks, and essay submissions) available in the specific week.

YOU WILL BE ELIGIBLE FOR A CERTIFICATE ONLY IF AVERAGE ASSIGNMENT SCORE >=10/25 AND EXAM SCORE >= 30/75. If one of the 2 criteria is not met, you will not get the certificate even if the Final score >= 40/100.

Certificate will have your name, photograph and the score in the final exam with the breakup.It will have the logos of NPTEL and IIT Guwahati .It will be e-verifiable at nptel.ac.in/noc.

Only the e-certificate will be made available. Hard copies will not be dispatched.

Once again, thanks for your interest in our online courses and certification. Happy learning.

- NPTEL team
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