Module 1 (4 weeks):
Thermodynamic systems and variables, state of a system. Laws of thermodynamics – first law and thermodynamic processes – definitions of internal energy, enthalpy, specific heat, applications in thermochemistry; second law – reversible and irreversible processes – concept of entropy and its statistical interpretation; third law – absolute scale of temperature and absolute entropy. Reservoirs and thermodynamic potentials - Helmholtz free energy, Gibbs free energy, chemical potential. Thermodynamic relations. Maxwell’s relations and their applications – relations between directly measurable and not directly measurable thermodynamic quantities
Module 2 (4 weeks):
Thermodynamic equilibrium and stability, Gibbs phase rule, Clausius-Clapeyron equation; Thermodynamics of solutions: partial molar quantities, Gibbs-Duhem relation, boiling and freezing points, ideal and non-ideal solutions, activity, quasichemical solution models, applications in clustering and ordering transformations
Module 3 (4 weeks):
Gibbs free energy-composition diagrams in binary systems; Construction of binary phase diagrams - cooling curves, x-ray diffraction method, electrical resistivity method, numerical modeling; Thermodynamics of reactions – Ellingham diagram for the formation of metal oxides; Thermodynamics of surfaces – adsorption of gases, Langmuir isotherm, Gibbs interfacial thermodynamics. Introduction to thermodynamics of irreversible processes – relation between flux and thermodynamic driving force
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